Fase 1d: rename del codi restant (effects, stage_system, locals)

Sweep final del naming a CamelCase/camelBack/lower_case:

Fitxers renombrats:
- effects/gestor_puntuacio_flotant.{hpp,cpp} -> floating_score_manager.{hpp,cpp}
- effects/puntuacio_flotant.hpp -> floating_score.hpp

Tipus (CamelCase):
- GestorPuntuacioFlotant -> FloatingScoreManager
- PuntuacioFlotant -> FloatingScore
- ConfigStage -> StageConfig
- ConfigSistemaStages -> StageSystemConfig
- NauTitol -> TitleShip
- EstatNau -> ShipState

Metodes publics (camelBack):
- obte_renderer -> getRenderer
- get_num_actius -> getActiveCount
- calcular_direccio_explosio -> computeExplosionDirection
- trobar_slot_lliure -> findFreeSlot
- explotar -> explode
- reiniciar -> reset
- es_valida -> isValid
- parsejar_fitxer -> parseFile
- carregar -> load
- crear_explosio -> createExplosion
- registrar_puntuacio -> registerScore
- construir_marcador -> buildScoreboard
- render_centered -> renderCentered

Camps struct publics (snake_case):
- actiu/actius -> active
- rotacio -> rotation, rotacio_visual -> visual_rotation
- acceleracio -> acceleration
- velocitat -> velocity
- escala/escala_inicial/objectiu/actual -> scale/initial_scale/...
- posicio/posicio_inicial/objectiu/actual -> position/initial_position/...
- fase_oscilacio -> oscillation_phase
- temps_estat -> state_time
- jugador_id -> player_id
- estat -> state
- brillantor -> brightness
- tipus -> type

Camps privats (sufix _):
- naus_ -> ships_, orni_ -> enemies_, bales_ -> bullets_
- gestor_puntuacio_ -> floating_score_manager_
- punt_mort_ -> death_position_, punt_spawn_ -> spawn_position_
- itocado_per_jugador_ -> hit_timer_per_player_
- vides_per_jugador_ -> lives_per_player_
- puntuacio_per_jugador_ -> score_per_player_
- estat_game_over_ -> game_over_state_
- continues_usados_ -> continues_used_

Constants:
- MARGE_ESQ/DRET/DALT/BAIX -> MARGIN_LEFT/RIGHT/TOP/BOTTOM

Variables locals i parametres comuns (snake_case):
- nau -> ship, enemic -> enemy, bala -> bullet
- forma -> shape, punt(s) -> point(s)
- jugador -> player, partida -> match
- temps -> time, missatge -> message

Diff: 59 fitxers, +1000/-1000 (simetric). Compila i enllaça.

Pendents per a futures fases (no bloquejants):
- Comentaris de capçalera en catala -> castella
- Variables locals/parametres minoritaris en catala
- Include guards (queden alguns #ifndef en lloc de #pragma once)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

source/core/input/input.hpp

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class Input {
                       name(std::string(SDL_GetGamepadName(gamepad))),
                       path(std::string(SDL_GetGamepadPath(pad))),
                       bindings{
-                          // Movimiento y acciones del jugador
+                          // Movimiento y acciones del player
                           {Action::LEFT, ButtonState{.button = static_cast<int>(SDL_GAMEPAD_BUTTON_DPAD_LEFT)}},
                           {Action::RIGHT, ButtonState{.button = static_cast<int>(SDL_GAMEPAD_BUTTON_DPAD_RIGHT)}},
                           {Action::THRUST, ButtonState{.button = static_cast<int>(SDL_GAMEPAD_BUTTON_WEST)}},
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class Input {
         void applyKeyboardBindingsFromOptions();
         void applyGamepadBindingsFromOptions();
 
-        // Configuración por jugador (Orni - dos jugadores)
+        // Configuración por player (Orni - dos jugadores)
         void applyPlayer1BindingsFromOptions();
         void applyPlayer2BindingsFromOptions();
 
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ class Input {
         auto checkAnyButton(bool repeat = DO_NOT_ALLOW_REPEAT) -> bool;
         void resetInputStates();
 
-        // Consulta por jugador (Orni - dos jugadores)
+        // Consulta por player (Orni - dos jugadores)
         auto checkActionPlayer1(Action action, bool repeat = true) -> bool;
         auto checkActionPlayer2(Action action, bool repeat = true) -> bool;
 
@@ -152,11 +152,11 @@ class Input {
         Keyboard keyboard_{};                // Estado del teclado (solo acciones globales)
         std::string gamepad_mappings_file_;  // Ruta al archivo de mappings
 
-        // Referencias cacheadas a gamepads por jugador (Orni)
+        // Referencias cacheadas a gamepads por player (Orni)
         std::shared_ptr<Gamepad> player1_gamepad_;
         std::shared_ptr<Gamepad> player2_gamepad_;
 
-        // Mapas de bindings separados por jugador (Orni - dos jugadores)
+        // Mapas de bindings separados por player (Orni - dos jugadores)
         std::unordered_map<Action, KeyState> player1_keyboard_bindings_;
         std::unordered_map<Action, KeyState> player2_keyboard_bindings_;
 };