actualitzat makefile

.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,107 @@
-*.exe
+demo5_sprites_bouncing
+build/
+
+# ---> C++
+# Prerequisites
+*.d
+
+# Compiled Object files
+*.slo
+*.lo
+*.o
+*.obj
+
+# Precompiled Headers
+*.gch
+*.pch
+
+# Compiled Dynamic libraries
+*.so
+*.dylib
 *.dll
-demo_pelotas2
+
+# Fortran module files
+*.mod
+*.smod
+
+# Compiled Static libraries
+*.lai
+*.la
+*.a
+*.lib
+
+# Executables
+*.exe
+*.out
+*.app
+
+# ---> macOS
+# General
+.DS_Store
+.AppleDouble
+.LSOverride
+
+# Icon must end with two \r
+Icon
+
+
+# Thumbnails
+._*
+
+# Files that might appear in the root of a volume
+.DocumentRevisions-V100
+.fseventsd
+.Spotlight-V100
+.TemporaryItems
+.Trashes
+.VolumeIcon.icns
+.com.apple.timemachine.donotpresent
+
+# Directories potentially created on remote AFP share
+.AppleDB
+.AppleDesktop
+Network Trash Folder
+Temporary Items
+.apdisk
+
+# ---> Windows
+# Windows thumbnail cache files
+Thumbs.db
+Thumbs.db:encryptable
+ehthumbs.db
+ehthumbs_vista.db
+
+# Dump file
+*.stackdump
+
+# Folder config file
+[Dd]esktop.ini
+
+# Recycle Bin used on file shares
+$RECYCLE.BIN/
+
+# Windows Installer files
+*.cab
+*.msi
+*.msix
+*.msm
+*.msp
+
+# Windows shortcuts
+*.lnk
+
+# ---> Linux
+*~
+
+# temporary files which can be created if a process still has a handle open of a deleted file
+.fuse_hidden*
+
+# KDE directory preferences
+.directory
+
+# Linux trash folder which might appear on any partition or disk
+.Trash-*
+
+# .nfs files are created when an open file is removed but is still being accessed
+.nfs*
+

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "files.associations": {
-        "iostream": "cpp",
-        "array": "cpp",
-        "atomic": "cpp",
-        "bit": "cpp",
-        "*.tcc": "cpp",
-        "cctype": "cpp",
-        "clocale": "cpp",
-        "cmath": "cpp",
-        "compare": "cpp",
-        "concepts": "cpp",
-        "cstdarg": "cpp",
-        "cstddef": "cpp",
-        "cstdint": "cpp",
-        "cstdio": "cpp",
-        "cstdlib": "cpp",
-        "cwchar": "cpp",
-        "cwctype": "cpp",
-        "deque": "cpp",
-        "string": "cpp",
-        "unordered_map": "cpp",
-        "vector": "cpp",
-        "exception": "cpp",
-        "algorithm": "cpp",
-        "functional": "cpp",
-        "iterator": "cpp",
-        "memory": "cpp",
-        "memory_resource": "cpp",
-        "numeric": "cpp",
-        "optional": "cpp",
-        "random": "cpp",
-        "string_view": "cpp",
-        "system_error": "cpp",
-        "tuple": "cpp",
-        "type_traits": "cpp",
-        "utility": "cpp",
-        "initializer_list": "cpp",
-        "iosfwd": "cpp",
-        "istream": "cpp",
-        "limits": "cpp",
-        "new": "cpp",
-        "numbers": "cpp",
-        "ostream": "cpp",
-        "stdexcept": "cpp",
-        "streambuf": "cpp",
-        "cinttypes": "cpp",
-        "typeinfo": "cpp"
-    }
-}

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20)
+project(demo5_sprites_bouncing)
+
+# Establecer el estándar de C++
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
+
+# Opciones comunes de compilación
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wall -Os -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections")
+
+# Buscar SDL3 automáticamente
+find_package(SDL3 REQUIRED)
+
+# Si no se encuentra SDL3, generar un error
+if (NOT SDL3_FOUND)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "SDL3 no encontrado. Por favor, verifica su instalación.")
+endif()
+
+# Archivos fuente
+file(GLOB SOURCE_FILES source/*.cpp)
+
+# Comprobar si se encontraron archivos fuente
+if(NOT SOURCE_FILES)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "No se encontraron archivos fuente en el directorio 'source/'. Verifica la ruta.")
+endif()
+
+# Detectar la plataforma y configuraciones específicas
+if(WIN32)
+    set(PLATFORM windows)
+    set(LINK_LIBS ${SDL3_LIBRARIES} mingw32 ws2_32)
+elseif(UNIX AND NOT APPLE)
+    set(PLATFORM linux)
+    set(LINK_LIBS ${SDL3_LIBRARIES})
+elseif(APPLE)
+    set(PLATFORM macos)
+    set(LINK_LIBS ${SDL3_LIBRARIES})
+endif()
+
+# Incluir directorios de SDL3
+include_directories(${SDL3_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+
+# Añadir el ejecutable reutilizando el nombre del proyecto
+add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} ${SOURCE_FILES})
+
+# Especificar la ubicación del ejecutable (en la raíz del proyecto)
+set_target_properties(${PROJECT_NAME} PROPERTIES RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR})
+
+# Enlazar las bibliotecas necesarias
+target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} ${LINK_LIBS})

Makefile

@@ -1,11 +1,20 @@
-source := source/*.cpp
+# Variables comunes
-executable_name := demo_pelotas2
+SOURCE          := source/*.cpp
+EXECUTABLE_NAME := demo5_sprites_bouncing
+CXXFLAGS        := -std=c++20 -Wall -Os -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections # Opciones comunes de compilación
+LDFLAGS         := -lSDL3 # Flags de enlace comunes
+OUTPUT_EXT      :=
 
-windows:
+# Detectar plataforma y configurar
-	g++ $(source) -std=c++11 -Wall -lmingw32 -lws2_32 -lSDL2main -lSDL2 -o $(executable_name).exe
+ifeq ($(OS),Windows_NT)
+    LDFLAGS += -lmingw32 -lws2_32
+    OUTPUT_EXT := .exe
+endif
 
-linux:
+# Regla principal: compilar el ejecutable
-	g++ $(source) -std=c++11 -Wall -lSDL2 -o $(executable_name)
+all:
+	$(CXX) $(SOURCE) $(CXXFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $(EXECUTABLE_NAME)$(OUTPUT_EXT)
 
-macos:
+# Regla para limpiar archivos generados
-	g++ $(source) -std=c++11 -Wall -lSDL2 -o $(executable_name)
+clean:
+	rm -f $(EXECUTABLE_NAME)$(OUTPUT_EXT)

source/ball.cpp

@@ -1,118 +1,113 @@
 #include "ball.h"
-#include "defines.h"
+#include <stdlib.h>  // for rand
+#include <cmath>     // for fabs
+#include "defines.h" // for BALL_SIZE, Color, SCREEN_HEIGHT, GRAVITY_FORCE
+class Texture;
 
 // Constructor
-Ball::Ball(float x, float vx, float vy, color_t color, Texture *texture)
+Ball::Ball(float x, float vx, float vy, Color color, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture)
+    : sprite_(std::make_unique<Sprite>(texture)),
+      pos_({x, 0.0f, BALL_SIZE, BALL_SIZE})
 {
-    this->x = x;
+    vx_ = vx;
-    this->y = 0.0f;
+    vy_ = vy;
-    this->w = BALL_SIZE;
+    sprite_->setPos({pos_.x, pos_.y});
-    this->h = BALL_SIZE;
+    sprite_->setSize(BALL_SIZE, BALL_SIZE);
-    this->vx = vx;
+    sprite_->setClip({0, 0, BALL_SIZE, BALL_SIZE});
-    this->vy = vy;
+    color_ = color;
-    sprite = new Sprite(texture);
+    gravity_force_ = GRAVITY_FORCE;
-    sprite->setPos({(int)x, (int)y});
+    on_floor_ = false;
-    sprite->setSize(BALL_SIZE, BALL_SIZE);
+    stopped_ = false;
-    sprite->setClip({0, 0, BALL_SIZE, BALL_SIZE});
+    loss_ = ((rand() % 30) * 0.01f) + 0.6f;
-    this->color = color;
-    g = GRAVITY;
-    onFloor = false;
-    stopped = false;
-    loss = ((rand() % 30) * 0.01f) + 0.6f;
-}
-
-// Destructor
-Ball::~Ball()
-{
-    if (sprite)
-    {
-        delete sprite;
-    }
 }
 
 // Actualiza la lógica de la clase
 void Ball::update()
 {
-    if (stopped)
+    if (stopped_)
     {
         return;
     }
 
     // Aplica la gravedad a la velocidad
-    if (!onFloor && (y - SCREEN_HEIGHT) < BALL_SIZE * 2)
+    if (!on_floor_ && (pos_.y - SCREEN_HEIGHT) < BALL_SIZE * 2)
     {
-        vy += g;
+        vy_ += gravity_force_;
     }
 
     // Actualiza la posición en función de la velocidad
-    x += vx;
+    pos_.x += vx_;
-    y += vy;
+    pos_.y += vy_;
 
     // Comprueba las colisiones con el lateral izquierdo
-    if (x < 0)
+    if (pos_.x < 0)
     {
-        x = 0;
+        pos_.x = 0;
-        vx = -vx;
+        vx_ = -vx_;
     }
 
     // Comprueba las colisiones con el lateral derecho
-    if (x + w > SCREEN_WIDTH)
+    if (pos_.x + pos_.w > SCREEN_WIDTH)
     {
-        x = SCREEN_WIDTH - w;
+        pos_.x = SCREEN_WIDTH - pos_.w;
-        vx = -vx;
+        vx_ = -vx_;
     }
 
     // Comprueba las colisiones con la parte superior
-    if (y < 0)
+    if (pos_.y < 0)
     {
-        y = 0;
+        pos_.y = 0;
-        vy = -vy;
+        vy_ = -vy_;
-        //vy = -vy * loss;
     }
 
     // Comprueba las colisiones con la parte inferior
-    if (y + h > SCREEN_HEIGHT)
+    if (pos_.y + pos_.h > SCREEN_HEIGHT)
     {
-        y = SCREEN_HEIGHT - h;
+        pos_.y = SCREEN_HEIGHT - pos_.h;
-        vy = -vy * loss;
+        vy_ = -vy_ * loss_;
-        if (abs(vy) < 0.1f)
+        if (std::fabs(vy_) < 0.1f)
         {
-            vy = 0.0f;
+            vy_ = 0.0f;
-            onFloor = true;
+            on_floor_ = true;
         }
     }
 
     // Aplica rozamiento al rodar por el suelo
-    if (onFloor)
+    if (on_floor_)
     {
-        vx = vx * 0.97f;
+        vx_ = vx_ * 0.97f;
-        if (abs(vx) < 0.1f)
+        if (std::fabs(vx_) < 0.1f)
         {
-            vx = 0.0f;
+            vx_ = 0.0f;
-            stopped = true;
+            stopped_ = true;
         }
     }
 
     // Actualiza la posición del sprite
-    sprite->setPos({(int)x, (int)y});
+    sprite_->setPos({pos_.x, pos_.y});
-    sprite->update();
 }
 
 // Pinta la clase
 void Ball::render()
 {
-    sprite->setColor(color.r, color.g, color.b);
+    sprite_->setColor(color_.r, color_.g, color_.b);
-    sprite->render();
+    sprite_->render();
 }
 
 // Modifica la velocidad
 void Ball::modVel(float vx, float vy)
 {
-    if (stopped)
+    if (stopped_)
     {
-        this->vx = this->vx + vx;
+        vx_ = vx_ + vx;
     }
-    this->vy = this->vy + vy;
+    vy_ = vy_ + vy;
-    onFloor = false;
+    on_floor_ = false;
-    stopped = false;
+    stopped_ = false;
+}
+
+// Cambia la gravedad
+void Ball::switchGravity()
+{
+    gravity_force_ = gravity_force_ == 0.0f ? GRAVITY_FORCE : 0.0f;
 }

source/ball.h

@@ -1,30 +1,29 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "sprite.h"
+#include <SDL3/SDL_rect.h>  // for SDL_FRect
-#include "texture.h"
+#include <memory>           // for shared_ptr, unique_ptr
-#include "defines.h"
+#include "defines.h"        // for Color
+#include "sprite.h"         // for Sprite
+class Texture;
 
 class Ball
 {
 private:
-    Sprite *sprite; // Sprite para pintar la clase
+    std::unique_ptr<Sprite> sprite_; // Sprite para pintar la clase
-    float x;        // Posición x
+    SDL_FRect pos_;                  // Posición y tamaño de la pelota
-    float y;        // Posición y
+    float vx_, vy_;                  // Velocidad
-    int w;          // Ancho
+    float gravity_force_;            // Gravedad
-    int h;          // Alto
+    Color color_;                    // Color de la pelota
-    float vx, vy;   // Velocidad
+    bool on_floor_;                  // Indica si la pelota está ya en el suelo
-    float g;        // Gravedad
+    bool stopped_;                   // Indica si la pelota ha terminado de moverse;
-    color_t color;  // Color de la pelota
+    float loss_;                     // Coeficiente de rebote. Pérdida de energía en cada rebote
-    bool onFloor;   // Indica si la pelota está ya en el suelo
-    bool stopped;   // Indica si la pelota ha terminado de moverse;
-    float loss;     // Coeficiente de rebote. Pérdida de energía en cada rebote
 
 public:
     // Constructor
-    Ball(float x, float vx, float vy, color_t color, Texture *texture);
+    Ball(float x, float vx, float vy, Color color, std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture);
 
     // Destructor
-    ~Ball();
+    ~Ball() = default;
 
     // Actualiza la lógica de la clase
     void update();
@@ -34,4 +33,7 @@ public:
 
     // Modifica la velocidad
     void modVel(float vx, float vy);
+
+    // Cambia la gravedad
+    void switchGravity();
 };

source/dbgtxt.h

@@ -1,37 +1,42 @@
 #pragma once
-#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
 
-
+namespace
-namespace {
+{
-    SDL_Texture *dbg_tex = NULL;
+    SDL_Texture *dbg_tex = nullptr;
-    SDL_Renderer *dbg_ren = NULL;
+    SDL_Renderer *dbg_ren = nullptr;
 }
 
-void dbg_init(SDL_Renderer *renderer) {
+void dbg_init(SDL_Renderer *renderer)
+{
     dbg_ren = renderer;
-	Uint8 font[448] = {0x42, 0x4D, 0xC0, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x28, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x82, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x12, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x12, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x18, 0xF3, 0x83, 0x83, 0xCF, 0x83, 0x87, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF3, 0x39, 0x39, 0xCF, 0x79, 0xF3, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xF9, 0x39, 0xCF, 0x61, 0xF9, 0x00, 0x00, 0x33, 0xF9, 0x03, 0xE7, 0x87, 0x81, 0x00, 0x00, 0x93, 0x03, 0x3F, 0xF3, 0x1B, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC3, 0x3F, 0x9F, 0x39, 0x3B, 0x39, 0x00, 0x41, 0xE3, 0x03, 0xC3, 0x01, 0x87, 0x83, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0xE7, 0x01, 0xC7, 0x81, 0x01, 0x83, 0x00, 0x00, 0xE7, 0x1F, 0x9B, 0xE7, 0x1F, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0xE7, 0x8F, 0x39, 0xE7, 0x87, 0xF9, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC3, 0xC7, 0x39, 0xE7, 0xC3, 0xC3, 0x00, 0x00, 0x99, 0xE3, 0x39, 0xE7, 0xF1, 0xE7, 0x00, 0x00, 0x99, 0xF1, 0xB3, 0xC7, 0x39, 0xF3, 0x00, 0x00, 0x99, 0x01, 0xC7, 0xE7, 0x83, 0x81, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x83, 0xE7, 0x83, 0xEF, 0x39, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0x39, 0xE7, 0x39, 0xC7, 0x11, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF9, 0xE7, 0x39, 0x83, 0x01, 0x83, 0x00, 0x00, 0x83, 0xE7, 0x39, 0x11, 0x01, 0xC7, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3F, 0xE7, 0x39, 0x39, 0x29, 0x83, 0x00, 0x00, 0x33, 0xE7, 0x39, 0x39, 0x39, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x87, 0x81, 0x39, 0x39, 0x39, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x39, 0x39, 0x83, 0x3F, 0x85, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x39, 0x31, 0x39, 0x3F, 0x33, 0x23, 0x00, 0x00, 0x29, 0x21, 0x39, 0x03, 0x21, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x39, 0x39, 0x39, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x09, 0x39, 0x39, 0x39, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x19, 0x39, 0x39, 0x39, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0x39, 0x39, 0x83, 0x03, 0x83, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x39, 0x81, 0x83, 0x31, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x99, 0x39, 0xE7, 0x39, 0x23, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x39, 0x39, 0xE7, 0xF9, 0x07, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x31, 0x01, 0xE7, 0xF9, 0x0F, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3F, 0x39, 0xE7, 0xF9, 0x27, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x9F, 0x39, 0xE7, 0xF9, 0x33, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x39, 0x81, 0xF9, 0x39, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x39, 0x03, 0xC3, 0x07, 0x01, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x39, 0x39, 0x99, 0x33, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x39, 0x3F, 0x39, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x39, 0x03, 0x3F, 0x39, 0x03, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x39, 0x39, 0x3F, 0x39, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x93, 0x39, 0x99, 0x33, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC7, 0x03, 0xC3, 0x07, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+    Uint8 font[448] = {0x42, 0x4D, 0xC0, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x28, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x82, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x12, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x12, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x18, 0xF3, 0x83, 0x83, 0xCF, 0x83, 0x87, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF3, 0x39, 0x39, 0xCF, 0x79, 0xF3, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xF9, 0x39, 0xCF, 0x61, 0xF9, 0x00, 0x00, 0x33, 0xF9, 0x03, 0xE7, 0x87, 0x81, 0x00, 0x00, 0x93, 0x03, 0x3F, 0xF3, 0x1B, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC3, 0x3F, 0x9F, 0x39, 0x3B, 0x39, 0x00, 0x41, 0xE3, 0x03, 0xC3, 0x01, 0x87, 0x83, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0xE7, 0x01, 0xC7, 0x81, 0x01, 0x83, 0x00, 0x00, 0xE7, 0x1F, 0x9B, 0xE7, 0x1F, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0xE7, 0x8F, 0x39, 0xE7, 0x87, 0xF9, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC3, 0xC7, 0x39, 0xE7, 0xC3, 0xC3, 0x00, 0x00, 0x99, 0xE3, 0x39, 0xE7, 0xF1, 0xE7, 0x00, 0x00, 0x99, 0xF1, 0xB3, 0xC7, 0x39, 0xF3, 0x00, 0x00, 0x99, 0x01, 0xC7, 0xE7, 0x83, 0x81, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x83, 0xE7, 0x83, 0xEF, 0x39, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0x39, 0xE7, 0x39, 0xC7, 0x11, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF9, 0xE7, 0x39, 0x83, 0x01, 0x83, 0x00, 0x00, 0x83, 0xE7, 0x39, 0x11, 0x01, 0xC7, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3F, 0xE7, 0x39, 0x39, 0x29, 0x83, 0x00, 0x00, 0x33, 0xE7, 0x39, 0x39, 0x39, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x87, 0x81, 0x39, 0x39, 0x39, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x39, 0x39, 0x83, 0x3F, 0x85, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x39, 0x31, 0x39, 0x3F, 0x33, 0x23, 0x00, 0x00, 0x29, 0x21, 0x39, 0x03, 0x21, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x39, 0x39, 0x39, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x09, 0x39, 0x39, 0x39, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0x11, 0x19, 0x39, 0x39, 0x39, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, 0x39, 0x39, 0x83, 0x03, 0x83, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x39, 0x81, 0x83, 0x31, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x99, 0x39, 0xE7, 0x39, 0x23, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x39, 0x39, 0xE7, 0xF9, 0x07, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x31, 0x01, 0xE7, 0xF9, 0x0F, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3F, 0x39, 0xE7, 0xF9, 0x27, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x9F, 0x39, 0xE7, 0xF9, 0x33, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x39, 0x81, 0xF9, 0x39, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x39, 0x03, 0xC3, 0x07, 0x01, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x39, 0x39, 0x99, 0x33, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x39, 0x3F, 0x39, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x39, 0x03, 0x3F, 0x39, 0x03, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x39, 0x39, 0x3F, 0x39, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x93, 0x39, 0x99, 0x33, 0x3F, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC7, 0x03, 0xC3, 0x07, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
-    dbg_tex = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(dbg_ren, SDL_LoadBMP_RW(SDL_RWFromMem(font, 448), 1));
+    dbg_tex = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(dbg_ren, SDL_LoadBMP_IO(SDL_IOFromMem(font, 448), 1));
 }
 
-void dbg_print(int x, int y, const char* text, Uint8 r, Uint8 g, Uint8 b) {
+void dbg_print(int x, int y, const char *text, Uint8 r, Uint8 g, Uint8 b)
+{
     int cc = 0;
     SDL_SetTextureColorMod(dbg_tex, r, g, b);
-    SDL_Rect src = {0, 0, 8, 8};
+    SDL_FRect src = {0, 0, 8, 8};
-	SDL_Rect dst = {x, y, 8, 8};
+    SDL_FRect dst = {static_cast<float>(x), static_cast<float>(y), 8, 8};
-    while (text[cc] != 0) {
+    while (text[cc] != 0)
+    {
         if (text[cc] != 32)
         {
             if (text[cc] >= 65)
             {
-                src.x = ((text[cc]-65)%6)*8; src.y = ((text[cc]-65)/6)*8;
+                src.x = ((text[cc] - 65) % 6) * 8;
+                src.y = ((text[cc] - 65) / 6) * 8;
             }
             else
             {
-                src.x = ((text[cc]-22)%6)*8; src.y = ((text[cc]-22)/6)*8;
+                src.x = ((text[cc] - 22) % 6) * 8;
+                src.y = ((text[cc] - 22) / 6) * 8;
             }
 
-            SDL_RenderCopy(dbg_ren, dbg_tex, &src, &dst);
+            SDL_RenderTexture(dbg_ren, dbg_tex, &src, &dst);
         }
-        cc++; dst.x+=8;
+        cc++;
+        dst.x += 8;
     }
 }

source/defines.h

@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#define WINDOW_CAPTION "demo_pelotas2"
+constexpr char WINDOW_CAPTION[] = "demo5_sprites_bouncing";
-#define SCREEN_WIDTH 320
-#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 240
-#define BALL_SIZE 8
-#define GRAVITY 0.2f
-#define TEXT_TIME 100
 
-struct color_t
+constexpr int SCREEN_WIDTH = 320;
+constexpr int SCREEN_HEIGHT = 240;
+constexpr int WINDOW_SIZE = 3;
+constexpr int BALL_SIZE = 8;
+constexpr float GRAVITY_FORCE = 0.2f;
+
+constexpr Uint64 DEMO_SPEED = 1000 / 60;
+constexpr Uint64 TEXT_DURATION = 2000;
+
+struct Color
 {
-    int r,g,b;
+    int r, g, b;
 };

source/main.cpp

@@ -1,267 +1,266 @@
-#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
+#include <SDL3/SDL_error.h>    // for SDL_GetError
-#include "texture.h"
+#include <SDL3/SDL_events.h>   // for SDL_EventType, SDL_PollEvent, SDL_Event
-#include "ball.h"
+#include <SDL3/SDL_init.h>     // for SDL_Init, SDL_Quit, SDL_INIT_VIDEO
-#include "defines.h"
+#include <SDL3/SDL_keycode.h>  // for SDLK_1, SDLK_2, SDLK_3, SDLK_4, SDLK_5
-#include "dbgtxt.h"
+#include <SDL3/SDL_render.h>   // for SDL_SetRenderDrawColor, SDL_CreateRend...
-#include <iostream>
+#include <SDL3/SDL_stdinc.h>   // for Uint64
-#include <vector>
+#include <SDL3/SDL_timer.h>    // for SDL_GetTicks
+#include <SDL3/SDL_video.h>    // for SDL_CreateWindow, SDL_DestroyWindow
+#include <array>               // for array
+#include <cstdlib>             // for rand, srand
+#include <ctime>               // for time
+#include <iostream>            // for basic_ostream, char_traits, operator<<
+#include <memory>              // for unique_ptr, shared_ptr, make_shared
+#include <string>              // for operator+, string, to_string
+#include <vector>              // for vector
+#include "ball.h"              // for Ball
+#include "dbgtxt.h"            // for dbg_init, dbg_print
+#include "defines.h"           // for SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, WINDOW_SIZE
+#include "texture.h"           // for Texture
 
-SDL_Window *window = NULL;
+// Variables globales
-SDL_Renderer *renderer = NULL;
+SDL_Window *window = nullptr;
-SDL_Event *event;
+SDL_Renderer *renderer = nullptr;
-Texture *texture = nullptr;
+std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture = nullptr;
-std::vector<Ball *> balls;
+std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Ball>> balls;
-int test[8] = {1, 10, 100, 500, 1000, 10000, 50000, 100000};
+std::array<int, 8> test = {1, 10, 100, 500, 1000, 10000, 50000, 100000};
 
-bool shouldExit = false;
+bool should_exit = false;  // Controla si la aplicación debe cerrarse
-Uint32 ticks = 0;
+Uint64 ticks = 0;		   // Tiempo en milisegundos para controlar la actualización
-int index = 0;
+int scenario = 0;		   // Escenario actual basado en el número de bolas
-std::string text = "";
+std::string text;		   // Texto a mostrar en pantalla
-int textPos = 0;
+int text_pos = 0;		   // Posición del texto en la pantalla
-bool showText = true;
+bool show_text = true;	   // Determina si el texto se debe mostrar
-int counter = 0;
+Uint64 text_init_time = 0; // Temporizador para mostrar el texto
-
-void deleteBalls();
 
+// Establece el texto en pantalla mostrando el número de bolas actuales
 void setText()
 {
-	const std::string text2 = test[index] == 1 ? " PELOTA" : " PELOTAS";
+	const std::string TEXT_NUMBER = test[scenario] == 1 ? " PELOTA" : " PELOTAS";
-	text = std::to_string(test[index]) + text2;
+	text = std::to_string(test[scenario]) + TEXT_NUMBER;
-	const int size = text.size() * 8;
+	const int TEXT_SIZE = static_cast<int>(text.size() * 8);
-	textPos = SCREEN_WIDTH / 2 - size / 2;
+	text_pos = SCREEN_WIDTH / 2 - TEXT_SIZE / 2;
-	counter = TEXT_TIME;
+	text_init_time = SDL_GetTicks();
-	showText = true;
+	show_text = true;
 }
 
+// Inicializa las bolas según el escenario seleccionado
 void initBalls(int value)
 {
-	deleteBalls();
+	balls.clear();
-	for (int i = 0; i < test[value]; ++i)
+	for (int i = 0; i < test.at(value); ++i)
 	{
-		const int sign = ((rand() % 2) * 2) - 1;
+		const int SIGN = ((rand() % 2) * 2) - 1;											 // Genera un signo aleatorio (+ o -)
-		;
+		const float X = (rand() % (SCREEN_WIDTH / 2)) + (SCREEN_WIDTH / 4);					 // Posición inicial en X
-		const float x = (rand() % (SCREEN_WIDTH / 2)) + (SCREEN_WIDTH / 4);
+		const float VX = (((rand() % 20) + 10) * 0.1f) * SIGN;								 // Velocidad en X
-		const float vx = (((rand() % 20) + 10) * 0.1f) * sign;
+		const float VY = ((rand() % 60) - 30) * 0.1f;										 // Velocidad en Y
-		const float vy = ((rand() % 60) - 30) * 0.1f;
+		const Color COLOR = {(rand() % 192) + 32, (rand() % 192) + 32, (rand() % 192) + 32}; // Color aleatorio
-		const color_t color = {(rand() % 192) + 32, (rand() % 192) + 32, (rand() % 192) + 32};
+		balls.emplace_back(std::make_unique<Ball>(X, VX, VY, COLOR, texture));
-		Ball *b = new Ball(x, vx, vy, color, texture);
-		balls.push_back(b);
 	}
+	setText(); // Actualiza el texto
 }
 
+// Aumenta la velocidad vertical de las bolas "hacia arriba"
 void pushUpBalls()
 {
-	for (auto ball : balls)
+	for (auto &ball : balls)
 	{
-		const int sign = ((rand() % 2) * 2) - 1;
+		const int SIGNO = ((rand() % 2) * 2) - 1;
-		const float vx = (((rand() % 20) + 10) * 0.1f) * sign;
+		const float VX = (((rand() % 20) + 10) * 0.1f) * SIGNO;
-		const float vy = ((rand() % 40) * 0.1f) + 5;
+		const float VY = ((rand() % 40) * 0.1f) + 5;
-		ball->modVel(vx, -vy);
+		ball->modVel(VX, -VY); // Modifica la velocidad de la bola
 	}
 }
 
-void deleteBalls()
+// Cambia la gravedad de todas las bolas
+void switchBallsGravity()
 {
-	for (auto ball : balls)
+	for (auto &ball : balls)
 	{
-		if (ball)
+		ball->switchGravity();
-		{
-			delete ball;
-			ball = nullptr;
-		}
 	}
-	balls.clear();
 }
 
+// Inicializa SDL y configura los componentes principales
 bool init()
 {
-	// Initialization flag
 	bool success = true;
 
-	// Initialize SDL
+	// Inicializa SDL
-	if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) < 0)
+	if (!SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO))
 	{
-		printf("SDL could not initialize! SDL Error: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
+		std::cout << "¡SDL no se pudo inicializar! Error de SDL: " << SDL_GetError() << std::endl;
 		success = false;
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		// Create window
+		// Crear ventana principal
-		window = SDL_CreateWindow(WINDOW_CAPTION, SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SCREEN_WIDTH * 2, SCREEN_HEIGHT * 2, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN);
+		window = SDL_CreateWindow(WINDOW_CAPTION, SCREEN_WIDTH * WINDOW_SIZE, SCREEN_HEIGHT * WINDOW_SIZE, SDL_WINDOW_OPENGL);
-		if (window == NULL)
+		if (window == nullptr)
 		{
-			printf("Window could not be created! SDL Error: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
+			std::cout << "¡No se pudo crear la ventana! Error de SDL: " << SDL_GetError() << std::endl;
 			success = false;
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			// Create renderer for window
+			// Crear renderizador
-			renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(window, -1, SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED);
+			renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(window, nullptr);
-			if (renderer == NULL)
+			if (renderer == nullptr)
 			{
-				printf("Renderer could not be created! SDL Error: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
+				std::cout << "¡No se pudo crear el renderizador! Error de SDL: " << SDL_GetError() << std::endl;
 				success = false;
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				// Initialize renderer color
+				// Establecer color inicial del renderizador
 				SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF);
 
-				// Establece el tamaño del renderizador
+				// Establecer tamaño lógico para el renderizado
-				SDL_RenderSetLogicalSize(renderer, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT);
+				SDL_SetRenderLogicalPresentation(renderer, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SDL_LOGICAL_PRESENTATION_INTEGER_SCALE);
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	event = new SDL_Event();
+	// Inicializar otros componentes
-
+	texture = std::make_shared<Texture>(renderer, "resources/ball.png");
-	texture = new Texture(renderer, "resources/pelota.png");
 	ticks = SDL_GetTicks();
-	srand(time(NULL));
+	srand(static_cast<unsigned>(time(nullptr)));
 	dbg_init(renderer);
-	initBalls(index);
+	initBalls(scenario);
-	setText();
 
 	return success;
 }
 
+// Limpia todos los recursos y cierra SDL
 void close()
 {
-	// Destroy window
 	SDL_DestroyRenderer(renderer);
 	SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
-	window = nullptr;
-	renderer = nullptr;
-
-	if (event)
-	{
-		delete event;
-		event = nullptr;
-	}
-
-	if (texture)
-	{
-		delete texture;
-		texture = nullptr;
-	}
-
-	deleteBalls();
-
-	// Quit SDL subsystems
 	SDL_Quit(); 
 }
 
+// Verifica los eventos en la cola
 void checkEvents()
 {
-	// Comprueba los eventos que hay en la cola
+	SDL_Event event;
-	while (SDL_PollEvent(event) != 0)
+	while (SDL_PollEvent(&event) != 0)
 	{
-		// Evento de salida de la aplicación
+		// Evento de salida
-		if (event->type == SDL_QUIT)
+		if (event.type == SDL_EVENT_QUIT)
 		{
-			shouldExit = true;
+			should_exit = true;
 			break;
 		}
 
-		if (event->type == SDL_KEYDOWN && event->key.repeat == 0)
+		// Procesar eventos de teclado
+		if (event.type == SDL_EVENT_KEY_DOWN && event.key.repeat == 0)
 		{
-			if (event->key.keysym.sym == SDLK_SPACE)
+			switch (event.key.key)
 			{
+			case SDLK_ESCAPE:
+				should_exit = true;
+				break;
+
+			case SDLK_SPACE:
 				pushUpBalls();
-			}
+				break;
 
-			if (event->key.keysym.sym == SDLK_1)
+			case SDLK_G:
-			{
+				switchBallsGravity();
-				index = 0;
+				break;
-				initBalls(index);
-			}
 
-			if (event->key.keysym.sym == SDLK_2)
+			case SDLK_1:
-			{
+				scenario = 0;
-				index = 1;
+				initBalls(scenario);
-				initBalls(index);
+				break;
-			}
 
-			if (event->key.keysym.sym == SDLK_3)
+			case SDLK_2:
-			{
+				scenario = 1;
-				index = 2;
+				initBalls(scenario);
-				initBalls(index);
+				break;
-			}
 
-			if (event->key.keysym.sym == SDLK_4)
+			case SDLK_3:
-			{
+				scenario = 2;
-				index = 3;
+				initBalls(scenario);
-				initBalls(index);
+				break;
-			}
 
-			if (event->key.keysym.sym == SDLK_5)
+			case SDLK_4:
-			{
+				scenario = 3;
-				index = 4;
+				initBalls(scenario);
-				initBalls(index);
+				break;
-			}
 
-			if (event->key.keysym.sym == SDLK_6)
+			case SDLK_5:
-			{
+				scenario = 4;
-				index = 5;
+				initBalls(scenario);
-				initBalls(index);
+				break;
-			}
 
-			if (event->key.keysym.sym == SDLK_7)
+			case SDLK_6:
-			{
+				scenario = 5;
-				index = 6;
+				initBalls(scenario);
-				initBalls(index);
+				break;
-			}
 
-			if (event->key.keysym.sym == SDLK_8)
+			case SDLK_7:
-			{
+				scenario = 6;
-				index = 7;
+				initBalls(scenario);
-				initBalls(index);
+				break;
-			}
 
-			setText();
+			case SDLK_8:
+				scenario = 7;
+				initBalls(scenario);
+				break;
+			}
 		}
 	}
 }
 
+// Actualiza la lógica del juego
 void update()
 {
-	if (SDL_GetTicks() - ticks > 15)
+	if (SDL_GetTicks() - ticks > DEMO_SPEED)
 	{
 		ticks = SDL_GetTicks();
 
-		for (auto ball : balls)
+		for (auto &ball : balls)
 		{
 			ball->update();
 		}
 
-		if (counter > 0)
+		if (show_text)
-			counter--;
+		{
-		else
+			show_text = !(SDL_GetTicks() - text_init_time > TEXT_DURATION);
-			showText = false;
+		}
 	}
 }
 
+// Renderiza el contenido en la pantalla
 void render()
 {
 	SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 32, 32, 32, 255);
 	SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
 
-	for (auto ball : balls)
+	for (auto &ball : balls)
 	{
 		ball->render();
 	}
 
-	if (showText)
+	if (show_text)
-		dbg_print(textPos, 8, text.c_str(), 255, 255, 255);
+	{
+		dbg_print(text_pos, 8, text.c_str(), 255, 255, 255);
+	}
 
 	SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
 }
 
+// Función principal
 int main(int argc, char *args[])
 {
-	init();
+	if (!init())
+	{
+		std::cout << "Ocurrió un error durante la inicialización." << std::endl;
+		return 1;
+	}
 
-	while (!shouldExit)
+	while (!should_exit)
 	{
 		update();
 		checkEvents();

source/sprite.cpp

@@ -1,52 +1,40 @@
 #include "sprite.h"
+#include "texture.h"  // for Texture
 
 // Constructor
-Sprite::Sprite(Texture *texture)
+Sprite::Sprite(std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture)
-{
+    : texture_(texture),
-    this->texture = texture;
+      pos_{0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f},
-    pos = {0, 0, 0, 0};
+      clip_{0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f} {}
-    clip = {0, 0, 0, 0};
-}
-
-// Destructor
-Sprite::~Sprite()
-{
-}
 
 // Establece la posición del sprite
-void Sprite::setPos(SDL_Point pos)
+void Sprite::setPos(SDL_FPoint pos)
 {
-    this->pos.x = pos.x;
+    pos_.x = pos.x;
-    this->pos.y = pos.y;
+    pos_.y = pos.y;
 }
 
 // Pinta el sprite
 void Sprite::render()
 {
-    texture->render(&clip, &pos);
+    texture_->render(&clip_, &pos_);
-}
-
-// Actualiza la lógica de la clase
-void Sprite::update()
-{
-
 }
 
 // Establece el rectangulo de la textura que se va a pintar
-void Sprite::setClip(SDL_Rect clip)
+void Sprite::setClip(SDL_FRect clip)
 {
-    this->clip = clip;
+    clip_ = clip;
 }
 
 // Establece el tamaño del sprite
-void Sprite::setSize(int w, int h)
+void Sprite::setSize(float w, float h)
 {
-    this->pos.w = w;
+    pos_.w = w;
-    this->pos.h = h;
+    pos_.h = h;
 }
 
 // Modulación de color
 void Sprite::setColor(int r, int g, int b)
 {
-	texture->setColor(r, g, b);
+    texture_->setColor(r, g, b);
 }

source/sprite.h

@@ -1,36 +1,34 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
+#include <SDL3/SDL_rect.h>  // for SDL_FRect, SDL_FPoint
-#include "texture.h"
+#include <memory>           // for shared_ptr
+class Texture;
 
 class Sprite
 {
 private:
-    Texture *texture;     // Textura con los gráficos del sprite
+    std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture_; // Textura con los gráficos del sprite
-    SDL_Rect pos;         // Posición y tamaño del sprite
+    SDL_FRect pos_;                    // Posición y tamaño del sprite
-    SDL_Rect clip;        // Parte de la textura que se va a dibujar
+    SDL_FRect clip_;                   // Parte de la textura que se va a dibujar
 
 public:
     // Constructor
-    Sprite(Texture *texture);
+    explicit Sprite(std::shared_ptr<Texture> texture);
 
     // Destructor
-    ~Sprite();
+    ~Sprite() = default;
 
     // Establece la posición del sprite
-    void setPos(SDL_Point pos);
+    void setPos(SDL_FPoint pos);
 
     // Pinta el sprite
     void render();
 
-    // Actualiza la lógica de la clase
-    void update();
-
     // Establece el rectangulo de la textura que se va a pintar
-    void setClip(SDL_Rect clip);
+    void setClip(SDL_FRect clip);
 
     // Establece el tamaño del sprite
-    void setSize(int w, int h);
+    void setSize(float w, float h);
 
     // Modulación de color
     void setColor(int r, int g, int b);

source/texture.cpp

@@ -1,129 +1,128 @@
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string>
 #define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
-#include "stb_image.h"
 #include "texture.h"
+#include <SDL3/SDL_error.h>    // Para SDL_GetError
+#include <SDL3/SDL_log.h>      // Para SDL_Log
+#include <SDL3/SDL_pixels.h>   // Para SDL_PixelFormat
+#include <SDL3/SDL_surface.h>  // Para SDL_CreateSurfaceFrom, SDL_DestroySurface
+#include <stdio.h>             // Para NULL
+#include <stdlib.h>            // Para exit
+#include <iostream>            // Para basic_ostream, char_traits, operator<<
+#include <string>              // Para operator<<, string
+#include "stb_image.h"         // Para stbi_failure_reason, stbi_image_free
 
 Texture::Texture(SDL_Renderer *renderer)
-{
+    : renderer_(renderer), texture_(nullptr), width_(0), height_(0) {}
-	this->renderer = renderer;
-	texture = nullptr;
-	width = 0;
-	height = 0;
-}
 
-Texture::Texture(SDL_Renderer *renderer, std::string filepath)
+Texture::Texture(SDL_Renderer *renderer, const std::string &file_path)
+    : renderer_(renderer), texture_(nullptr), width_(0), height_(0)
 {
-	this->renderer = renderer;
+    loadFromFile(file_path);
-	texture = nullptr;
-	width = 0;
-	height = 0;
-	loadFromFile(filepath);
 }
 
 Texture::~Texture()
 {
-	free();
+    free();
 }
 
-bool Texture::loadFromFile(std::string path)
+// Carga la imagen desde una ruta especificada
+bool Texture::loadFromFile(const std::string &file_path)
 {
-	const std::string filename = path.substr(path.find_last_of("\\/") + 1);
+    const std::string filename = file_path.substr(file_path.find_last_of("\\/") + 1);
-	int req_format = STBI_rgb_alpha;
+    int req_format = STBI_rgb_alpha;
-	int width, height, orig_format;
+    int width, height, orig_format;
-	unsigned char *data = stbi_load(path.c_str(), &width, &height, &orig_format, req_format);
+    unsigned char *data = stbi_load(file_path.c_str(), &width, &height, &orig_format, req_format);
-	if (data == nullptr)
+    if (data == nullptr)
-	{
+    {
-		SDL_Log("Loading image failed: %s", stbi_failure_reason());
+        SDL_Log("Error al cargar la imagen: %s", stbi_failure_reason());
-		exit(1);
+        exit(1);
-	}
+    }
-	else
+    else
-	{
+    {
-			std::cout << "Image loaded: " << filename.c_str() << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Imagen cargada: " << filename.c_str() << std::endl;
-	}
+    }
 
-	int depth, pitch;
+    int pitch;
-	Uint32 pixel_format;
+    SDL_PixelFormat pixel_format;
-	if (req_format == STBI_rgb)
+    if (req_format == STBI_rgb)
-	{
+    {
-		depth = 24;
+        pitch = 3 * width; // 3 bytes por pixel * pixels por línea
-		pitch = 3 * width; // 3 bytes por pixel * pixels por linea
+        pixel_format = SDL_PIXELFORMAT_RGB24;
-		pixel_format = SDL_PIXELFORMAT_RGB24;
+    }
-	}
+    else
-	else
+    { // STBI_rgb_alpha (RGBA)
-	{ // STBI_rgb_alpha (RGBA)
+        pitch = 4 * width;
-		depth = 32;
+        pixel_format = SDL_PIXELFORMAT_RGBA32;
-		pitch = 4 * width;
+    }
-		pixel_format = SDL_PIXELFORMAT_RGBA32;
-	}
 
-	// Limpia
+    // Libera la memoria previa
-	free();
+    free();
 
-	// La textura final
+    // La textura final
-	SDL_Texture *newTexture = nullptr;
+    SDL_Texture *new_texture = nullptr;
 
-	// Carga la imagen desde una ruta específica
+    // Crea la superficie de la imagen desde los datos cargados
-	SDL_Surface *loadedSurface = SDL_CreateRGBSurfaceWithFormatFrom((void *)data, width, height, depth, pitch, pixel_format);
+    SDL_Surface *loaded_surface = SDL_CreateSurfaceFrom(width, height, pixel_format, (void *)data, pitch);
-	if (loadedSurface == nullptr)
+    if (loaded_surface == nullptr)
-	{
+    {
-			std::cout << "Unable to load image " << path.c_str() << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "No se pudo cargar la imagen " << file_path << std::endl;
-	}
+    }
-	else
+    else
-	{
+    {
-		// Crea la textura desde los pixels de la surface
+        // Crea la textura desde los píxeles de la superficie
-		newTexture = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(renderer, loadedSurface);
+        new_texture = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(renderer_, loaded_surface);
-		if (newTexture == nullptr)
+        if (new_texture == nullptr)
-		{
+        {
-				std::cout << "Unable to create texture from " << path.c_str() << "! SDL Error: " << SDL_GetError() << std::endl;
+            std::cout << "No se pudo crear la textura desde " << file_path << "! Error de SDL: " << SDL_GetError() << std::endl;
-		}
+        }
-		else
+        else
-		{
+        {
-			// Obtiene las dimensiones de la imagen
+            // Obtiene las dimensiones de la imagen
-			this->width = loadedSurface->w;
+            width_ = loaded_surface->w;
-			this->height = loadedSurface->h;
+            height_ = loaded_surface->h;
-		}
+        }
 
-		// Elimina la textura cargada
+        // Destruye la superficie cargada
-		SDL_FreeSurface(loadedSurface);
+        SDL_DestroySurface(loaded_surface);
-	}
+    }
 
-	// Return success
+    // Devuelve el resultado del proceso
-	stbi_image_free(data);
+    stbi_image_free(data);
-	texture = newTexture;
+    texture_ = new_texture;
-	return texture != nullptr;
+    return texture_ != nullptr;
 }
 
+// Libera la textura si existe
 void Texture::free()
 {
-	// Free texture if it exists
+    if (texture_ != nullptr)
-	if (texture != nullptr)
+    {
-	{
+        SDL_DestroyTexture(texture_);
-		SDL_DestroyTexture(texture);
+        texture_ = nullptr;
-		texture = nullptr;
+        width_ = 0;
-		width = 0;
+        height_ = 0;
-		height = 0;
+    }
-	}
 }
 
-void Texture::render(SDL_Rect *src, SDL_Rect *dst)
+// Renderiza la textura en pantalla
+void Texture::render(SDL_FRect *src, SDL_FRect *dst)
 {
-	// Render to screen
+    SDL_RenderTexture(renderer_, texture_, src, dst);
-	SDL_RenderCopy(renderer, texture, src, dst);
 }
 
+// Obtiene el ancho de la imagen
 int Texture::getWidth()
 {
-	return width;
+    return width_;
 }
 
+// Obtiene la altura de la imagen
 int Texture::getHeight()
 {
-	return height;
+    return height_;
 }
 
-// Modulación de color
+// Modula el color de la textura
 void Texture::setColor(int r, int g, int b)
 {
-	SDL_SetTextureColorMod(texture, r, g, b);
+    SDL_SetTextureColorMod(texture_, r, g, b);
 }

source/texture.h

@@ -1,40 +1,40 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
+#include <SDL3/SDL_rect.h>    // Para SDL_FRect
-#include <iostream>
+#include <SDL3/SDL_render.h>  // Para SDL_Renderer, SDL_Texture
+#include <string>             // Para std::string
 
-// Texture wrapper class
 class Texture
 {
 private:
-    SDL_Renderer *renderer;
+    SDL_Renderer *renderer_;
-    SDL_Texture *texture;
+    SDL_Texture *texture_;
 
-    // Image dimensions
+    // Dimensiones de la imagen
-    int width;
+    int width_;
-    int height;
+    int height_;
 
 public:
-    // Initializes variables
+    // Inicializa las variables
-    Texture(SDL_Renderer *renderer);
+    explicit Texture(SDL_Renderer *renderer);
-    Texture(SDL_Renderer *renderer, std::string filepath);
+    Texture(SDL_Renderer *renderer, const std::string &file_path);
 
-    // Deallocates memory
+    // Libera la memoria
     ~Texture();
 
-    // Loads image at specified path
+    // Carga una imagen desde la ruta especificada
-    bool loadFromFile(std::string path);
+    bool loadFromFile(const std::string &path);
 
-    // Deallocates texture
+    // Libera la textura
     void free();
 
-    // Renders texture at given point
+    // Renderiza la textura en el punto especificado
-    void render(SDL_Rect *src = nullptr, SDL_Rect *dst = nullptr);
+    void render(SDL_FRect *src = nullptr, SDL_FRect *dst = nullptr);
 
-    // Gets image dimensions
+    // Obtiene las dimensiones de la imagen
     int getWidth();
     int getHeight();
 
-    // Modulación de color
+    // Modula el color de la textura
     void setColor(int r, int g, int b);
 };