Fase 8a+b: paleta semantica de color por entidad

Cada entity declara su color de linea via parametro opcional. Cuando
alpha==0 el pipeline cae al color global del oscilador (compatibilidad
con el comportamiento anterior).

Defaults::Palette (defaults.hpp):
- SHIP        = blanco neutro
- BULLET      = verde laser
- PENTAGON    = azul "esquivador"
- QUADRAT     = rojo "tank"
- MOLINILLO   = magenta agresivo

Pipeline:
- linea(): parametro SDL_Color color (default {0,0,0,0}). En .cpp,
  fuente del color = color.a>0 ? color : g_current_line_color.
- render_shape(): parametro SDL_Color color que propaga a cada linea
  del shape.
- Debris: campo color en la struct; explode() recibe SDL_Color color
  y lo guarda en cada fragment; draw() lo pasa a linea().

Aplicacion:
- Ship::draw -> Palette::SHIP.
- Bullet::draw -> Palette::BULLET.
- Enemy::draw -> Palette::{PENTAGON,QUADRAT,MOLINILLO} segun type_.
- CollisionSystem detectBulletEnemy: debris hereda color del enemy.
- GameScene::tocado: debris hereda Palette::SHIP.

Smoke test xvfb OK.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

source/core/defaults.hpp

@@ -107,6 +107,17 @@ constexpr float ENEMY_RADIUS = 20.0F;
 constexpr float BULLET_RADIUS = 3.0F;
 }  // namespace Entities
 
+// Paleta semántica por tipo de entidad. Si una entity declara color, lo
+// pasa al pipeline con alpha=255 (sentinela "color válido"); si no, se
+// usa el color global del oscilador (g_current_line_color).
+namespace Palette {
+constexpr SDL_Color SHIP        = {.r = 255, .g = 255, .b = 255, .a = 255};  // Blanco neutro
+constexpr SDL_Color BULLET      = {.r = 120, .g = 255, .b = 140, .a = 255};  // Verde laser
+constexpr SDL_Color PENTAGON    = {.r = 120, .g = 170, .b = 255, .a = 255};  // Azul "esquivador"
+constexpr SDL_Color QUADRAT     = {.r = 255, .g = 110, .b = 110, .a = 255};  // Rojo "tank"
+constexpr SDL_Color MOLINILLO   = {.r = 255, .g = 130, .b = 255, .a = 255};  // Magenta agresivo
+}  // namespace Palette
+
 // Ship (nave del player)
 namespace Ship {
 // Invulnerabilidad post-respawn

source/core/rendering/line_renderer.cpp

@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ float g_current_line_thickness = 1.5F;
 void linea(Renderer* renderer,
            int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2,
            float brightness,
-           float thickness) {
+           float thickness,
+           SDL_Color color) {
     if (renderer == nullptr) {
         return;
     }
@@ -28,10 +29,11 @@ void linea(Renderer* renderer,
     const float FX2 = static_cast<float>(x2);
     const float FY2 = static_cast<float>(y2);
 
-    // Color: aplicar brightness al color oscilatorio global. Convertir 0..255 → 0..1.
+    // color.alpha==0 → usar global del oscilador. alpha>0 → color directo.
-    const float R = (static_cast<float>(g_current_line_color.r) * brightness) / 255.0F;
+    const SDL_Color SOURCE = (color.a > 0) ? color : g_current_line_color;
-    const float G = (static_cast<float>(g_current_line_color.g) * brightness) / 255.0F;
+    const float R = (static_cast<float>(SOURCE.r) * brightness) / 255.0F;
-    const float B = (static_cast<float>(g_current_line_color.b) * brightness) / 255.0F;
+    const float G = (static_cast<float>(SOURCE.g) * brightness) / 255.0F;
+    const float B = (static_cast<float>(SOURCE.b) * brightness) / 255.0F;
 
     const float W = (thickness > 0.0F) ? thickness : g_current_line_thickness;
 

source/core/rendering/line_renderer.hpp

@@ -18,10 +18,13 @@ namespace Rendering {
 // Dibuja una línea entre dos puntos en coordenadas lógicas (1280×720).
 // brightness: factor de brillo (0.0..1.0, default 1.0 = brillo máximo).
 // thickness: grosor en píxeles lógicos. Si <= 0 usa g_current_line_thickness.
+// color: si alpha==0, se usa el color global del oscilador; si alpha>0 se
+//        usa este color directo (paleta semántica por entidad).
 void linea(Renderer* renderer,
            int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2,
            float brightness = 1.0F,
-           float thickness = 0.0F);
+           float thickness = 0.0F,
+           SDL_Color color = {0, 0, 0, 0});
 
 // Color global de las líneas (lo actualiza ColorOscillator vía SDLManager).
 void setLineColor(SDL_Color color);

source/core/rendering/shape_renderer.cpp

@@ -79,40 +79,31 @@ void render_shape(Rendering::Renderer* renderer,
     float scale,
     float progress,
     float brightness,
-    const Rotation3D* rotation_3d) {
+    const Rotation3D* rotation_3d,
-    // Verificar que la shape es vàlida
+    SDL_Color color) {
     if (!shape || !shape->isValid()) {
         return;
     }
-
-    // Si progress < 1.0, no draw (tot o res)
     if (progress < 1.0F) {
         return;
     }
 
-    // Obtenir el centro de la shape para transformacions
+    const Vec2& SHAPE_CENTRE = shape->getCenter();
-    const Vec2& shape_centre = shape->getCenter();
 
-    // Iterar sobre todas las primitives
     for (const auto& primitive : shape->get_primitives()) {
         if (primitive.type == Graphics::PrimitiveType::POLYLINE) {
-            // POLYLINE: connectar points consecutius
+            // POLYLINE: conectar puntos consecutivos.
             for (size_t i = 0; i < primitive.points.size() - 1; i++) {
-                Vec2 p1 = transform_point(primitive.points[i], shape_centre, position, angle, scale, rotation_3d);
+                const Vec2 P1 = transform_point(primitive.points[i], SHAPE_CENTRE, position, angle, scale, rotation_3d);
-                Vec2 p2 = transform_point(primitive.points[i + 1], shape_centre, position, angle, scale, rotation_3d);
+                const Vec2 P2 = transform_point(primitive.points[i + 1], SHAPE_CENTRE, position, angle, scale, rotation_3d);
-
+                linea(renderer, static_cast<int>(P1.x), static_cast<int>(P1.y),
-                linea(renderer, static_cast<int>(p1.x), static_cast<int>(p1.y),
+                      static_cast<int>(P2.x), static_cast<int>(P2.y), brightness, 0.0F, color);
-                      static_cast<int>(p2.x), static_cast<int>(p2.y), brightness);
-            }
-        } else {  // PrimitiveType::LINE
-            // LINE: exactament 2 points
-            if (primitive.points.size() >= 2) {
-                Vec2 p1 = transform_point(primitive.points[0], shape_centre, position, angle, scale, rotation_3d);
-                Vec2 p2 = transform_point(primitive.points[1], shape_centre, position, angle, scale, rotation_3d);
-
-                linea(renderer, static_cast<int>(p1.x), static_cast<int>(p1.y),
-                      static_cast<int>(p2.x), static_cast<int>(p2.y), brightness);
             }
+        } else if (primitive.points.size() >= 2) {  // LINE
+            const Vec2 P1 = transform_point(primitive.points[0], SHAPE_CENTRE, position, angle, scale, rotation_3d);
+            const Vec2 P2 = transform_point(primitive.points[1], SHAPE_CENTRE, position, angle, scale, rotation_3d);
+            linea(renderer, static_cast<int>(P1.x), static_cast<int>(P1.y),
+                  static_cast<int>(P2.x), static_cast<int>(P2.y), brightness, 0.0F, color);
         }
     }
 }

source/core/rendering/shape_renderer.hpp

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ void render_shape(Rendering::Renderer* renderer,
     float scale = 1.0F,
     float progress = 1.0F,
     float brightness = 1.0F,
-    const Rotation3D* rotation_3d = nullptr);
+    const Rotation3D* rotation_3d = nullptr,
+    SDL_Color color = {0, 0, 0, 0});  // alpha==0 → usa global oscilador
 
 }  // namespace Rendering

source/game/effects/debris.hpp

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 // © 2025 Port a C++20 con SDL3
 
 #pragma once
+#include <SDL3/SDL.h>
+
 #include "core/types.hpp"
 
 namespace Effects {
@@ -31,7 +33,8 @@ struct Debris {
         float factor_shrink;  // Factor de reducció per segon (0.0-1.0)
 
         // Rendering
-        float brightness;  // Factor de brightness (0.0-1.0, heretat de l'objecte original)
+        float brightness;   // Factor de brightness (0.0-1.0, heretat de l'objecte original)
+        SDL_Color color{};  // Color heredado del padre. alpha==0 → usa global oscilador
 };
 
 }  // namespace Effects

source/game/effects/debris_manager.cpp

@@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ void DebrisManager::explode(const std::shared_ptr<Graphics::Shape>& shape,
     const Vec2& velocitat_objecte,
     float velocitat_angular,
     float factor_herencia_visual,
-    const std::string& sound) {
+    const std::string& sound,
+    SDL_Color color) {
     if (!shape || !shape->isValid()) {
         return;
     }
@@ -195,8 +196,9 @@ void DebrisManager::explode(const std::shared_ptr<Graphics::Shape>& shape,
             debris->temps_max = Defaults::Physics::Debris::TEMPS_VIDA;
             debris->factor_shrink = Defaults::Physics::Debris::SHRINK_RATE;
 
-            // 8. Heredar brightness
+            // 8. Heredar brightness y color del padre
             debris->brightness = brightness;
+            debris->color = color;
 
             // 9. Activar
             debris->active = true;
@@ -308,13 +310,13 @@ void DebrisManager::draw() const {
             continue;
         }
 
-        // Dibuixar segment de línia con brightness heretat
+        // Dibujar segmento con brightness y color heredados del padre.
         Rendering::linea(renderer_,
             static_cast<int>(debris.p1.x),
             static_cast<int>(debris.p1.y),
             static_cast<int>(debris.p2.x),
             static_cast<int>(debris.p2.y),
-            debris.brightness);
+            debris.brightness, 0.0F, debris.color);
     }
 }
 

source/game/effects/debris_manager.hpp

@@ -41,7 +41,8 @@ class DebrisManager {
             const Vec2& velocitat_objecte = {.x = 0.0F, .y = 0.0F},
             float velocitat_angular = 0.0F,
             float factor_herencia_visual = 0.0F,
-            const std::string& sound = Defaults::Sound::EXPLOSION);
+            const std::string& sound = Defaults::Sound::EXPLOSION,
+            SDL_Color color = {0, 0, 0, 0});  // alpha==0 → fragmentos usan oscilador global
 
         // Actualitzar todos los fragments active
         void update(float delta_time);

source/game/entities/bullet.cpp

@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ void Bullet::desactivar() {
 void Bullet::draw() const {
     if (esta_ && shape_) {
         // Les bales roten segons l'angle de trayectòria (estático tras disparo)
-        Rendering::render_shape(renderer_, shape_, center_, angle_, 1.0F, 1.0F, brightness_);
+        Rendering::render_shape(renderer_, shape_, center_, angle_, 1.0F, 1.0F, brightness_,
+                                /*rotation_3d=*/nullptr, Defaults::Palette::BULLET);
     }
 }

source/game/entities/enemy.cpp

@@ -230,7 +230,14 @@ void Enemy::draw() const {
         return;
     }
     const float SCALE = computeCurrentScale();
-    Rendering::render_shape(renderer_, shape_, center_, rotacio_, SCALE, 1.0F, brightness_);
+    SDL_Color color{};
+    switch (type_) {
+        case EnemyType::PENTAGON:  color = Defaults::Palette::PENTAGON;  break;
+        case EnemyType::QUADRAT:   color = Defaults::Palette::QUADRAT;   break;
+        case EnemyType::MOLINILLO: color = Defaults::Palette::MOLINILLO; break;
+    }
+    Rendering::render_shape(renderer_, shape_, center_, rotacio_, SCALE, 1.0F, brightness_,
+                            /*rotation_3d=*/nullptr, color);
 }
 
 void Enemy::destruir() {

source/game/entities/ship.cpp

@@ -160,5 +160,6 @@ void Ship::draw() const {
     const float VISUAL_PUSH = SPEED / 33.33F;
     const float SCALE = 1.0F + (VISUAL_PUSH / 12.0F);
 
-    Rendering::render_shape(renderer_, shape_, center_, angle_, SCALE, 1.0F, brightness_);
+    Rendering::render_shape(renderer_, shape_, center_, angle_, SCALE, 1.0F, brightness_,
+                            /*rotation_3d=*/nullptr, Defaults::Palette::SHIP);
 }

source/game/scenes/game_scene.cpp

@@ -753,7 +753,8 @@ void GameScene::tocado(uint8_t player_id) {
             vel_nau_80,                                 // Heredar 80% velocity
             0.0F,                                       // Nave: trayectorias rectas (sin drotacio)
             0.0F,                                       // Sin herencia visual (rotación aleatoria)
-            Defaults::Sound::EXPLOSION2                 // Sonido alternativo para la explosión
+            Defaults::Sound::EXPLOSION2,                // Sonido alternativo para la explosión
+            Defaults::Palette::SHIP                     // Debris hereda color de la nave
         );
 
         // Start death timer (non-zero to avoid re-triggering)

source/game/systems/collision_system.cpp

@@ -41,7 +41,13 @@ void detectBulletEnemy(Context& ctx) {
             ctx.score_per_player[owner_id] += points;
             ctx.floating_score_manager.crear(points, POS_ENEMIC);
 
-            // 2. Destruir enemy + crear explosión
+            // 2. Destruir enemy + crear explosión (debris hereda color del enemy)
+            SDL_Color enemy_color{};
+            switch (enemy.getType()) {
+                case EnemyType::PENTAGON:  enemy_color = Defaults::Palette::PENTAGON;  break;
+                case EnemyType::QUADRAT:   enemy_color = Defaults::Palette::QUADRAT;   break;
+                case EnemyType::MOLINILLO: enemy_color = Defaults::Palette::MOLINILLO; break;
+            }
             enemy.destruir();
             Vec2 vel_enemic = enemy.getVelocityVector();
             ctx.debris_manager.explode(
@@ -53,7 +59,9 @@ void detectBulletEnemy(Context& ctx) {
                 enemy.getBrightness(),
                 vel_enemic,
                 enemy.getRotationDelta(),
-                0.0F                   // sin herencia visual
+                0.0F,                  // sin herencia visual
+                Defaults::Sound::EXPLOSION,
+                enemy_color
             );
 
             // 3. Desactivar bullet (solo destruye 1 enemy)